Typography rules by language
Typography rules for 24 languages and regions: quotes, dashes, spaces.
Every locale below is a data file with a normative source cited for each rule it sets, backed by fixtures the conformance suite runs on every change. Each locale has its own page with the quotation marks, dashes, ellipsis, no-break spaces, worked examples and the full list of sources.
The same sentence, 24 locales
Nobody agrees about quotation marks.
German lowers the opening quote. Swiss German turns it into guillemets pointing outward. French
puts a no-break space inside them (U+00A0) and a narrow one before
! ? ; (U+202F). Finnish and Swedish close with the same glyph they open with.
British English swaps the primary and secondary levels round. Every one of these is correct — in
exactly one place.
Bulgarian · bg
Тя попита: "Не е ли това магазинът, който наричат 'на ъгъла'?" ... Вървяхме - почти 3 км - и беше затворен. Copyright (c) 2026, формат 40x60 см.
Тя попита: „Не е ли това магазинът, който наричат „на ъгъла“?“ … Вървяхме – почти 3 км – и беше затворен. Copyright © 2026, формат 40×60 см.
Croatian · hr
Pitala je: "Nije li to dućan koji zovu 'onaj na uglu'?" ... Hodali smo -- gotovo 3 km -- i bio je zatvoren. Copyright (c) 2026, format 40x60 cm.
Pitala je: „Nije li to dućan koji zovu ‘onaj na uglu’?” … Hodali smo – gotovo 3 km – i bio je zatvoren. Copyright © 2026, format 40×60 cm.
Czech · cs
Zeptal se: "Není to ten obchod, kterému říkají 'ten za rohem'?" ... Šli jsme -- skoro 3 km -- a byl zavřený. Copyright (c) 2026, formát 40x60 cm.
Zeptal se: „Není to ten obchod, kterému říkají ‚ten za rohem‘?“ … Šli jsme – skoro 3 km – a byl zavřený. Copyright © 2026, formát 40×60 cm.
Dutch · nl
Hij vroeg: "Is dit niet de winkel die ze 'om de hoek' noemen?" ... We liepen -- bijna 3 km -- en hij was dicht. Copyright (c) 2026, formaat 40x60 cm.
Hij vroeg: “Is dit niet de winkel die ze ‘om de hoek’ noemen?” … We liepen – bijna 3 km – en hij was dicht. Copyright © 2026, formaat 40×60 cm.
English (UK) · en-GB
She asked, "Isn't this the shop they call 'round the corner'?" ... We'd walked - nearly 3 km - just to find it closed. Copyright (c) 2026; the print measures 40x60 cm.
She asked, ‘Isn’t this the shop they call “round the corner”?’ … We’d walked – nearly 3 km – just to find it closed. Copyright © 2026; the print measures 40×60 cm.
English (US) · en-US
She asked, "Isn't this the shop they call 'round the corner'?" ... We'd walked - nearly 3 km - just to find it closed. Copyright (c) 2026; the print measures 40x60 cm.
She asked, “Isn’t this the shop they call ‘round the corner’?” … We’d walked—nearly 3 km—just to find it closed. Copyright © 2026; the print measures 40×60 cm.
Finnish · fi
Hän kysyi: "Eikö tämä ole se 'nurkan' kirjakauppa?" ... Kävelimme - lähes 3 km - ja löysimme sen kiinni. Copyright (c) 2026; tulosteen koko on 40x60 cm, hinta nousi 10,5 %.
Hän kysyi: ”Eikö tämä ole se ’nurkan’ kirjakauppa?” … Kävelimme – lähes 3 km – ja löysimme sen kiinni. Copyright © 2026; tulosteen koko on 40×60 cm, hinta nousi 10,5 %.
French (Canada) · fr-CA
Elle a dit : "Ce n'est pas la librairie qu'on appelle 'le coin', si ?" ... On a marché - presque 3 km - pour la trouver fermée. Copyright (c) 2026 ; le tirage fait 40x60 cm.
Elle a dit : « Ce n’est pas la librairie qu’on appelle “le coin”, si? » … On a marché — presque 3 km — pour la trouver fermée. Copyright © 2026; le tirage fait 40×60 cm.
French (France) · fr
Elle a dit : "Ce n'est pas la librairie qu'on appelle 'le coin', si ?" ... On a marché - presque 3 km - pour la trouver fermée. Copyright (c) 2026 ; le tirage fait 40x60 cm.
Elle a dit : « Ce n’est pas la librairie qu’on appelle “le coin”, si ? » … On a marché — presque 3 km — pour la trouver fermée. Copyright © 2026 ; le tirage fait 40×60 cm.
German · de-DE
Sie fragte: "Ist das nicht der Laden namens 'an der Ecke'?" ... Wir liefen -- fast 3 km -- und fanden ihn leider geschlossen. Copyright (c) 2026, Format 40x60 cm, z. B. für Poster.
Sie fragte: „Ist das nicht der Laden namens ‚an der Ecke‘?“ … Wir liefen – fast 3 km – und fanden ihn leider geschlossen. Copyright © 2026, Format 40×60 cm, z. B. für Poster.
Swiss German · de-CH
Sie fragte: "Ist das nicht der Laden namens 'an der Ecke'?" ... Wir liefen -- fast 3 km -- und fanden ihn leider geschlossen. Copyright (c) 2026, Format 40x60 cm, z. B. für Poster.
Sie fragte: «Ist das nicht der Laden namens ‹an der Ecke›?» … Wir liefen – fast 3 km – und fanden ihn leider geschlossen. Copyright © 2026, Format 40×60 cm, z. B. für Poster.
Greek · el
Ρώτησε: "Δεν είναι αυτό το μαγαζί 'στη γωνία';" ... Περπατήσαμε -- σχεδόν 3 χλμ -- και το βρήκαμε κλειστό. Copyright (c) 2026, μέγεθος 40x60 cm.
Ρώτησε: «Δεν είναι αυτό το μαγαζί “στη γωνία”;» … Περπατήσαμε -- σχεδόν 3 χλμ -- και το βρήκαμε κλειστό. Copyright © 2026, μέγεθος 40×60 cm.
Hungarian · hu
Megkérdezte: "Nem ez az a bolt, amit 'a sarki'-nak hívnak?" ... Mentünk -- majdnem 3 km-t -- és zárva volt. Copyright (c) 2026, 40x60 cm.
Megkérdezte: „Nem ez az a bolt, amit »a sarki«-nak hívnak?” … Mentünk – majdnem 3 km-t – és zárva volt. Copyright © 2026, 40×60 cm.
Italian · it
Ha chiesto: "Non è questo il negozio che chiamano 'quello all'angolo'?" ... Abbiamo camminato -- quasi 3 km -- ed era chiuso. Copyright (c) 2026, formato 40x60 cm.
Ha chiesto: «Non è questo il negozio che chiamano “quello all’angolo”?» … Abbiamo camminato — quasi 3 km — ed era chiuso. Copyright © 2026, formato 40×60 cm.
Polish · pl
Zapytał: "Czy to nie ten sklep, który nazywają 'tym za rogiem'?" ... Szliśmy -- prawie 3 km -- a był zamknięty. Copyright (c) 2026, format 40x60 cm.
Zapytał: „Czy to nie ten sklep, który nazywają »tym za rogiem«?” … Szliśmy – prawie 3 km – a był zamknięty. Copyright © 2026, format 40×60 cm.
Portuguese (Brazil) · pt-BR
Perguntou: "Não é esta a loja que chamam de 'a da esquina'?" ... Caminhamos -- quase 3 km -- e estava fechada. Copyright (c) 2026, formato 40x60 cm.
Perguntou: “Não é esta a loja que chamam de ‘a da esquina’?” … Caminhamos – quase 3 km – e estava fechada. Copyright © 2026, formato 40×60 cm.
Portuguese (Portugal) · pt-PT
Perguntou: "Não é esta a loja a que chamam 'a da esquina'?" ... Caminhámos -- quase 3 km -- e estava fechada. Copyright (c) 2026, formato 40x60 cm.
Perguntou: «Não é esta a loja a que chamam “a da esquina”?» … Caminhámos — quase 3 km — e estava fechada. Copyright © 2026, formato 40×60 cm.
Romanian · ro
Ea a întrebat: "Nu e acesta magazinul pe care îl numesc 'de la colț'?" ... Am mers -- aproape 3 km -- și era închis. Copyright (c) 2026, format 40x60 cm.
Ea a întrebat: „Nu e acesta magazinul pe care îl numesc «de la colț»?” … Am mers – aproape 3 km – și era închis. Copyright © 2026, format 40×60 cm.
Russian · ru
Она спросила: "Это не тот магазинчик, который называют 'за углом'?" ... Мы прошли - почти 3 км - и нашли его закрытым, а что-то достали из-под прилавка. Copyright (c) 2026, формат 40x60 см.
Она спросила: «Это не тот магазинчик, который называют „за углом“?» … Мы прошли — почти 3 км — и нашли его закрытым, а что‑то достали из‑под прилавка. Copyright © 2026, формат 40×60 см.
Slovak · sk
Spýtal sa: "Nie je to ten obchod, ktorému hovoria 'ten za rohom'?" ... Išli sme -- takmer 3 km -- a bol zatvorený. Copyright (c) 2026, formát 40x60 cm.
Spýtal sa: „Nie je to ten obchod, ktorému hovoria ‚ten za rohom‘?“ … Išli sme – takmer 3 km – a bol zatvorený. Copyright © 2026, formát 40×60 cm.
Spanish · es
Preguntó: "¿No es esta la tienda que llaman 'la de la esquina'?" ... Caminamos -- casi 3 km -- y estaba cerrada. Copyright (c) 2026, tamaño 40x60 cm.
Preguntó: «¿No es esta la tienda que llaman “la de la esquina”?» … Caminamos -- casi 3 km -- y estaba cerrada. Copyright © 2026, tamaño 40×60 cm.
Swedish · sv
Hon frågade: "Är det inte affären i 'hörnet'?" ... Vi gick - nästan 3 km - och hittade den stängd. Copyright (c) 2026; trycket mäter 40x60 cm och kostar 10,5 % mer.
Hon frågade: ”Är det inte affären i ’hörnet’?” … Vi gick – nästan 3 km – och hittade den stängd. Copyright © 2026; trycket mäter 40×60 cm och kostar 10,5 % mer.
Turkish · tr
Sordu: "Bu, 'köşedeki' dedikleri dükkân değil mi?" ... Ankara'da neredeyse 3 km yürüdük -- ve kapalıydı. Copyright (c) 2026, baskı 40x60 cm.
Sordu: “Bu, ‘köşedeki’ dedikleri dükkân değil mi?” … Ankara’da neredeyse 3 km yürüdük -- ve kapalıydı. Copyright © 2026, baskı 40×60 cm.
Ukrainian · uk
Він запитав: "Хіба це не та крамниця, яку називають 'тією за рогом'?" ... Ми йшли -- майже 3 км -- а вона була зачинена. Copyright (c) 2026, формат 40x60 см.
Він запитав: «Хіба це не та крамниця, яку називають “тією за рогом”?» … Ми йшли — майже 3 км — а вона була зачинена. Copyright © 2026, формат 40×60 см.
Rendered by the engine from the inputs shown, not typed by hand. Regenerate with
npx tsx brand/tools/gen_examples.ts.
Coverage table
Cited, not guessed.
| Locale | Name | Rules cited | Fixtures | Primary sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bg | Bulgarian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 29 | Институт за български език (БАН); Официален правописен речник на българския език (2012) |
| hr | Croatian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 29 | Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, Hrvatski pravopis |
| cs | Czech | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 19 | Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, Internetová jazyková příručka |
| nl | Dutch | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 16 | Nederlandse Taalunie, Taaladvies.net; Genootschap Onze Taal |
| en-GB | English (United Kingdom) | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 165 | University of Oxford Style Guide; The Chicago Manual of Style; BIPM |
| en-US | English (United States) | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 432 | The Chicago Manual of Style; American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language; BIPM |
| fi | Finnish | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 157 | Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Kotus), Kielitoimiston ohjepankki; BIPM |
| fr-CA | French (Canada) | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 40 | Office québécois de la langue française; Jacques André |
| fr | French (France) | dashes, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 121 | Imprimerie nationale; Jacques André; Office québécois de la langue française |
| de-DE | German (Germany) | dashes, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 90 | Duden, Rechtschreibregeln; DIN 5008 |
| de-CH | German (Switzerland) | dashes, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 61 | Schweizerische Bundeskanzlei, Schreibweisungen |
| el | Greek | apostrophe, dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, spaces, symbols | 29 | Διοργανικό εγχειρίδιο σύνταξης κειμένων; Unicode Consortium |
| hu | Hungarian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 30 | Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (AkH12) |
| it | Italian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 21 | Manuale interistituzionale di convenzioni redazionali; Accademia della Crusca; BIPM |
| pl | Polish | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 16 | Słownik języka polskiego PWN; Główny Urząd Miar |
| pt-BR | Portuguese (Brazil) | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 19 | Manual de Redação da Presidência da República; Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa; BIPM |
| pt-PT | Portuguese (Portugal) | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 19 | Código de Redação Interinstitucional; Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa |
| ro | Romanian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 27 | Academia Română; Îndreptar ortografic, ortoepic, morfologic și de punctuație (ÎOOP6, 2024); DOOM3 |
| ru | Russian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 89 | Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации; Мильчин А. Э., Чельцова Л. К. |
| sk | Slovak | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 31 | Jazykovedný ústav Ľudovíta Štúra SAV, Pravidlá slovenského pravopisu |
| es | Spanish | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 23 | RAE y ASALE, Diccionario panhispánico de dudas; BIPM |
| sv | Swedish | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes | 154 | Språkrådet, Snabba skrivregler; BIPM |
| tr | Turkish | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 30 | Türk Dil Kurumu, Yazım Kuralları; Türk Dil Kurumu, Kısaltmalar Dizini |
| uk | Ukrainian | dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, nbsp, quotes, ranges | 18 | Український правопис (2019) |
Locale count and citations read directly from spec/locales/; fixture totals from
spec/fixtures/. en and de are aliases resolving to
en-US and de-DE (spec/rules/locale-resolution.md).
The locale files, fixtures and citations are open source. To add a locale, see Contribute.
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